The War And Richard Linegman s Don t You Know There s A...

On December 7, 1941 the United States (U.S) entered into its Second World War. John Steinbeck’s Once There Was a War and Richard Linegman’s Don t You Know There’s a War on? both take place during WWII. Steinbeck, a war correspondent for a New York newspaper, gives detailed accounts from everyday people that were involved in the war effort. Lingeman’s book tells stories about life on the home front and reveals how sacrifices had to be made in the name of war. Since the U.S had already been a part of a world war, the government had to make citizens aware that everyone had roles to play here and abroad in order to bring home another victory. Although the U.S involvement in their Second World War was imminent, many Americans did not support the country’s participation in another global war. The Federal Government had to get the backing of the American public in order to succeed in the war. After World War I and recovering from the Great Depression, ci tizens of the U.S. had concerns of funding another war. As a solution, the government established war bonds. These reduced inflation and got paper money out of circulation. The bonds sold anywhere from $25-$10,000. The war bonds were a loan to the U.S. government that enabled the government sufficient money to budget another war (â€Å"U.S. War Bonds†). The war effort on the home front brought desperately needed jobs to millions of Americans unemployed from the depression. Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) gave his famous fireside chat

Line Manager Play Crucial Role in the Link Between HRM and Organisational Performance Free Essays

According to CIDP definition, line managers are a manager who are responsible for an employee or work to a higher level of management. Generally, their management responsibilities would include people management, monitoring work process and etc (CIPD, 2010). Clearly, it generally be said that line managers are closest to employees and customers and occupy a key role in the general management job of managing people. We will write a custom essay sample on Line Manager Play Crucial Role in the Link Between HRM and Organisational Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Guest and Conway’s study (2004) showed that supervisory leadership was the strongest factor associated to organisation commitment. In other words the relationship between employees and FLMs is important in influencing the employee’s perspectives of the support received. Purcell et al (2007) suggest that the employee’s judgement of their FLM leadership behaviour was directed related, where positive, to higher levels of commitment and to better aspects of job experience. Indeed, Winkler said (ND) that if an employee feels supported by their line manager, they will feel engaged with and committed to their organisation. Consequently, this will improve attendance, reduce staff turnover and ensure that employees are willing to ‘go that extra mil’. Furthermore, in the UK WERS (1998) notes that in the handling of employee relations issues, line managers outnumber employee relations specialists at British workplace. MacNeil (2003) reveals that line managers may play a role in capturing employee’s tacit knowledge, which may be able to be transferred in to specific organisational competencies. For example, Lazenby’s research found that line manager behaviour has a significant impact on employee commitment, which has an impact on customer commitment, which has an impact on business performance (cited Purcell, 2003). In addition, some workers mention line incapability in HR as a significant and specific fact contributing to explaining why they left their old jobs (Taylor, 2002). From these perspectives, it is clear to say that line manager play a vital role in HR practices. However, in practice, there is a question arises as to which tasks they see as their priority and what effects the choices they make have in terms of HRM in general, and an employee well-being in particular. For example, they also get pressure on the productivity. Most importantly, they are normally in the lower layer of the management hierarchy and front managers are unlikely to have formal management education (CIDP, 2010). In other words, they seem to lack the capability to implement HR practices well. As they are given the responsibility for performance review, Latham et al (2007) claim that line manager’s training is seen as more important than choice of rating system. It is clear to say that line manager generally lack the knowledge of assessment method for employees, which may have strong impact on fair performance review. However, although there are some questions about the role of line mangers in the HRM, some studies are quite positive on such questions, and note the role of line in making HR strategies ‘come to life’ (Hutchinson and Purcell 2003, Purcell et al, 2003). Furthermore, in terms of HR line managers play as an important role on the implication of not only performance appraisal but also the process of learning and development. Purcell and Hutchinson (2007) believe that line manager’s leader behaviour is critical because their involvement in LD leads to a wide range of benefits. For example, line manager in the best place to evaluate outcome of learning, both to the individual and the organisation (Wolff, 2007). Moreover, Line manager also be the part of induction training to support newcomer’s settlement. Liden et al (2004) argue that line managers also play a very important for role in socialising employees, not simply by ensuring that they understand the content of the job, but also in bringing them into organisation’s culture and social network in the organisation. How to cite Line Manager Play Crucial Role in the Link Between HRM and Organisational Performance, Papers

Domestic Rabbit and Animal Rabbit Rabbits free essay sample

Generally, rabbits may have many different colors and color patterns in their entire bodies. In their ventral surface of their bodies (the belly part), colors are often lighter than the dorsal surface (the back side). The most frequent colors of rabbit’s body are white, gray and brown. According to â€Å"Rabbits – The Animal Answer Guide† [RTAAG] by Susan Lumpkin, the color pattern of rabbit is called â€Å"agouti†, a hue that actually emerges from subtle mixtures of color on individual hairs. An agouti hair is black at the base, yellow in the middle, and black again at the tip. These characters leave the overall impression of brown to reddish to gray color, depending on the relative amount of two pigments: pheomelanin, which produces red and yellow colors, and eumelanin, which produces dark colors (RTAAG, p49) . Looking from a far distance, rabbit seems to have a full and egg-shaped body. The size of rabbit are ranged from 20 cm (8 inches) in length and 0. 4 kg in weight to 50 cm (20 inches) and more than 2 kg. Especially, the long ears, which are the longest part of its body, can be more than 10 cm (4 inches) (The Rabbit Book [TRB], Samantha Johnson, p. 90). These long ears often point up or come downwards. On the head of rabbit, there are two large eyes, which can be either brown or less frequently blue or grey. Under these eyes, it is teeth – the famous part of rabbit. Its teeth are often long and white, especially the two center teeth are the most longest and biggest. Many rabbits have what is called a â€Å"dewlap† blow theirs chin and down over their chests. It makes rabbit seem to have double chins (which actually help them store fat and energy). In fact, rabbit is often known as a fast and active animal. This consideration comes from its special legs. Normally, rabbit often has 4 legs with 5 claws on each front foot and 4 longer claws on its large flat back feet. These legs are often large and powerful. The two front paws may have 5 toes, with the extra can be called dewclaw and the hind feet have 4 toes. Rabbit’s fur is often long and soft. The tail is quite small and it is a little plume of brownish fur. Land is the most favorable environment for rabbit to live. Some of their most popular living areas are meadows, woods, forest, grasslands, deserts and wetlands, where rabbit can easily find abundant source of grass – their favorite nutrient (Rabbit Biology[RB], 2012). Of the best known and wide ranged species, the European rabbits are often found in underground burrows (rabbit holes). The population of rabbit is not balanced over different countries in the world. While more than one half of rabbit’s population locates in North America, Europe, Africa and South America, the rest of them cannot stay in most part of Eurasia (where has many species of hares living there). In South America, where rabbits just immigrated recently, many areas have only one kind of rabbit, and some even do not have any kinds of this animal. (Wikipedia) The main breeding season of rabbit is primarily in rainfall season and the early growth of high protein plants period. Besides, they can still breed at any other time when they are able to get sufficient protein from vegetation (Rabbit Biology). During the breeding season, rabbits often engage in extended chase, wild leaps, circling and boxing. According to RTAAG (p. 111), boxing is a typical behavior of a pursued female rabbit, when she punches her suitor because she has not ready to copulate. During the time when a female is in estrus, a male approaches her from behind, sniffs her rear end, mounts, and they copulate. Normally, copulation is short, about 10 seconds or so, after which the male dismounts and the female moves away. Before and during her period of receptivity, a dominant male guards his mate by chasing away subordinates that approach her, but a male’s interest in a female lasts only until the end of her short estrus, which is less than a day. The gestation period of rabbits is 29-35 days (average 31). In a year, with favorable condition, an adult female rabbit can produce 7 or 8 litters, which each has average size range from 4 to 5 kittens in the first litter, increasing to about 8 by the end of the season. Therefore, after a single breeding season, a female rabbit can produce approximate 50 – 60 offspring. The rabbit mothers often give birth to their young in nests of grass and belly fur, which can be either in the warren complex or in a breeding stop ( which is a short single-entrance burrow less than 1 metre long and about 30 cm below ground – Rabbit Biology). When they were born, the young kittens are blind and hair less. They often receive little or no care from their mothers. In fact, this is a strategy for reducing predator. As Lumpskin states in RTAAG, rabbit mothers often have little ability to defend youngsters from predators. As a result, mothers have to limit their times to approach their babies and try to leave them as soon as possible. During the first period of breeding, rabbit mother can come to see their young only 4 to 5 times each 24 hour period for providing food. After 7 to 10 days, these kittens start opening their eyes and emerging from the warren at about 18 days. When they reach 23 to 25 days old, young rabbit officially leave their nests and begin to have their adult life. When these young are in 3 – 4 month aged period, they can reach sexual maturity and start finding mates to reproduce new generations. In addition, according to Journal of Animal Science, a recent research has indicated about the relationship between environmental temperature and rabbit’s reproduction. Through observing the reproductive cycle of rabbits in different environmental temperatures, sciences received a result that when the average daily mean reached 20 °C, it produced a linear decay of kittens born of around 0. 1 kit / °C. From that experience, some may speculate that high environmental temperature can have a detrimental effect on prolificacy and reproduction of young rabbits. Generally, through movies and cartoons, most people often know carrot as a popular food of rabbit. In fact, it is true that rabbits are herbivores; they not only like carrots but also eat a variety of grasses and forbs as well as lettuce, other veggies and short, succulent plants. In some seasons, they even prefer cultivated crops, such as wheat, barley and sugar beets. This interest of rabbit makes it sometimes become a harmful animal for farmers in some areas. According to Rabbit Biology, a rabbit, which has an average body weight of 1. kg can consume up to one-third of its own weight per day, with the average daily intake 100 to 150 g. Equivalently, nine rabbits can equate up to one dry sheep. Besides the major kinds of rabbits, which are vegetarians, some others can eat meat, including fish that they find in traps baited for carnivores and the stomach contents of caribou whose guts have been exposed by a carnivore (RTAAG, p131). Rabbits live in the Yukon of Canada, for example, o ften have a short supply. Therefore, to compensate for the meager plant far, they often like to eat the brains of birds. Despite a high rate of reproduction, rabbit is a favorite food for most animals such as cats (lions, lynx, bobcats), dogs (pet dogs, wolves, foxes), large birds (hawks, owls, eagles), weasels, bears, snakes and even human. According to RTAAG, in some area, rabbits can be from 1 to 80% of Eurasian lynx’s diet and 90% of the bobcat’s diet. Besides, human also use rabbit meat to cook. In some countries such as UK, New Zealand and Australia, rabbits are sold popularly in market as a nutrient product. Rabbit can have symbiosis relationship with either parasite or animal. In 1859, the European rabbit, with no important predator, multiplied explosively in Australia (Symbiosis Website). They become a harmful species when competing with sheep for forage and consuming a large amount of forage plants there. Therefore, in 1950, local organizations had to box the myxoma virus, which was imported from Brazil, in order to limit the rabbit population, plant grass again and raise sheep to increase more profit. Although they did not success in eliminating completely the rabbits, the number of this species there was decreased hugely. Besides, the rabbits can also have symbiosis relationship with animal. The eagle, one of rabbit’s predators has a symbiotic in a metaphorical sense with them. To an eagle, they consider rabbit as a nutrient food. On the other hand, to rabbits, eagle is a way to prevent the rabbit population from outgrowing the available vegetation that rabbits eat, therefore preventing a horrible famine caused by the rabbits. Despite its reputation as a high social species, most typically, rabbits often live individually. For instance, to warrens, an European rabbits live n groups centered on interconnected underground burrows and tunnels, individuals of ten can react to other members of their group with hostility or avoidance, or at best, tolerance. They did not prefer to get too close with each other. In the words of RTAAG, rabbits only decided to live gregariously when they cannot find other spaces or nest sites to live. Besides, rabbits may just come together during the breeding season and sometimes even form aggregations at feeding sites. However, even in breeding season, male and female still keep their distance with each other (except to their mates). During this special time, male and female rabbit stay together and wait for the birth of offspring. Although most male rabbit species often get rid of their mates and come to new areas after breeding season, Plateau pikas, an exceptional example of rabbit, can provide significant parental care for their youngsters. With the nourishment of their fathers, young plateau pikas often survive with better conditions and grow up more successfully. After 3-4 months, when young approach sexual maturity, they start moving away from the natal area and reproduce elsewhere. It is a way for rabbit to minimize the risks of breeding between close relatives, to reduce competition among relatives for mates and resources. In contrast, female rabbit often stay in a familiar place with their young. This habitation helps them form â€Å"daughter and sisters† relationship, which enhance cooperation or limit competition among females. Indeed, rabbit often involve in many intense aggression, which cause them to lose bits of fur, skin and even lead to death. When food is care, several rabbit can fight with others in order to protect their homelands. The fights can happen between males and males, females and females, or even between members of both sexes. Generally, females fight other females more often and violently than they do with males. A female European rabbit, for example, sometimes commits infanticide, killing the young of neighboring females when the young still stay in the nest. It is a way for her to reduce her own offspring’s future competitor. In addition, play behavior is also an interesting aspect of rabbit’s behavior When they are young, rabbit often play with each other as a way to develop the muscle, coordination, and stamina they need as adults to escape for predators. As these young grow up, the plays gradually merge into fights. Play-fighting is also a way for young animals to size another up. A dominant youngster is likely to turn out to be a dominant adult. In other words, play interactions may form youngster’s behavior to others when they grow up. For a long time, rabbit becomes a popular home pet in human’s house. In fact, there is only the domestic European rabbit, which can be a good pet for human. In the United States, the amount of pet rabbit is approximate 5 million in over 2 million homes, and host people often love them (RB, p144). However, domestic rabbits often have a fewer amount than dogs and cats because they are more fragile and sensitive. In certain situations, rabbit can scratch or bite with young human children. Besides, home family can train rabbits in little box. Some times rabbit can enjoy socializing and playing with their caretakers but most often they do not come when called and have no interest in sitting in human lap. The home, in which the owners raise rabbits, also need to be rabbit-proofed because rabbit can chew on everything and destroy furniture. Besides selling rabbits as a food product, human also use rabbit furs, which have good quality if come from adult rabbits or the best quality if come from rabbits in their winter coast. In some areas, rabbit’s hair can be used for felt and hides to make fertilizer and glue. In Europe and China, rabbit-fur industry is developing strongly with a huge amount of export per year. In the past, rabbits also played a role in folk and traditional medicine. They became a symbol of good luck, which make people believed that they can help cure some disease. According to RTAAG, the ancient Roman used to consider that eating rabbit meat could cure sexual problems or make a man become attractive for 9 days. In North America, people thought that placing a rabbit’s food under the pillow may help induce labor in pregnant woman. In China, people often prescribed eating rabbits as a medicine to alleviate fatigue and various digestive problems such as constipation. In India, habitants even drink rabbit blood to treat asthma. More interestingly, rabbits also appear frequently in human folklore and mythology. In Vietnam, rabbits are often considered as a symbol of innocence and youthfulness. Vietnamese believe that who hunt and kill rabbits can have a strong power. In Japan, when people look on the moon and see the pattern of dark patches as the image of a rabbit standing on tiptoes on the left pounding, they consider that rabbits may live on the moon, where they make mochi, a Japanese traditional cake. However, in some countries such as UK and Portland, the rabbit was considered as an unlucky symbol for old habitant. In these areas, people often call rabbit as â€Å"long ears† or â€Å"underground muttion† to avoid calling the actual words and bring bad luck to themselves. Works Cited Dr Tarnya Cox, Project Leader, Invasive Animals CRC, Rabit Biology. Retrieved October 2012,from http://www. dpi. nsw. gov. au/agriculture/pests-weeds/vertebrate-pests/pest-animals-in-nsw/rabbit-biology M. Piles, L. Tusell, O. Rafel, J. Ramon and J. P. Sanchez, Effect of heat intensity and persistency on prolificacy and pre-weaning kit growth at different stages of the rabbit production cycle, Journal of Animal Science, October 24, 2012, cited from http://www. ournalofanimalscience. org/content/early/2012/10/23/jas. 2012-5455. abstract Samantha Johnson. Voyageur Press. â€Å"The Rabbit Book†. Printed 2011. Susan Lumpkin and John Seidensticker. â€Å"Rabbits- The Animal Answer Guide†. The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore. September 2011 Symbiosis, 5 April 2012, from http://users. rc n. com/jkimball. ma. ultranet/BiologyPages/S/Symbiosis. html#rabbits_in_Australia Wikipedia, Modified 2013 January 19. Rabbit, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rabbit

SWOT analysis of McDonalds Essays - Fast Food, Business Intelligence

SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses/Limitations, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. Strengths McDonalds has a strong global presence and they are the market leader in both the domestic and international markets. As a result, Hong Kong can have this same strength. McDonalds has strong capital, it is because McDonalds not just focus on fast food industry, but also they though fast food?s success to create different financial management to earn more profits, and for example they have a strong real estate portfolio. This strong brand recognition creates significant opportunities for the company. McDonalds is able to generate more sales because of its brand recognition. Through aggressive market planning, McDonalds has been able to capture more investment successful. Weakness Lack of product innovation is the weakness of McDonalds. Since McDonalds always launch their new promotion product for limited time. New product innovation is becoming less and boring. For example, shake shake fries, Mc Pepper etc. These products always repeat to launch. Moreover, the mainly weakness is high turnover. Because most of young student have shortly job for their summer holiday, after summer holiday, they always leave. Most manager job same to have high turnover problem, it is because most manager just want some about manager experience. After they got the job title and experience, they?ll change of the job. Since McDonalds have lower wage level in the fast food industry, so that McDonald very difficult to employ people. In addition, fast food industry is always has lack of employee problem, not just for McDonalds. Opportunities Changing trends in eating habits toward healthier eating, seen as a threat to McDonalds can also be seen as an opportunity. Hong Kong McDonalds can following US McDonalds to introduced new premium salad sand Fruit n? Yogurt Parfaits the same products will probably bring some more growth in foreign markets. Threats Foreign currency fluctuation is also another problem global companies like McDonalds. The Fast food industry is becoming an increasingly competitive sector. McDonald?s keeps up with competitors through expensive promotional campaigns which leads to limited margins to gain market share. McDonald?s is attempting to differentiate itself, with new formats and new menu items, but other fast food industry are doing the same too. McDonald?s, just like other fast food industry, often receives bad press because of its link obesity. Increased concern such as this has led the Food Standards Agency and the Department of Health in the UK to review the advertising of ?junk? foods such as McDonalds to children. These problem is directly influencing their business.

The Application of Seven Communication Traditions

The Application of Seven Communication Traditions The Phenomenological Tradition It is a theory that deals with personal experience. People have a way of interpreting the things around them and coming up with a formidable experience (Griffin 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Application of Seven Communication Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The attributes can develop even from the time a person is young (Adler Rodman 2003). After examining things and testing them, then one can make a personal judgment. ‘An example of personal experience is about love’ (Littlejohn Foss 2011, p.75). One can understand love by personally experiencing it. One can also gain this experience from the level of contact with something or people determine the meaning it represents to someone (Adler Rodman 2003). Language also becomes the most important vehicle for learning. It has a way of developing meanings to certain things. People experience the world b ecause of the way language expresses it to be. ‘There are things that people know because of the associated labels’ (Griffin 2009, p.210). For instance, when one buys goods that may be in a box, there are labels that indicate which side should face up (Adler Rodman 2003). For other goods, there are even labels that help the user to know which part to open. ‘The way a person interprets a message is central to the already available perception or phenomenological thought’ (Littlejohn Foss 2011, p.73). The thoughts to interpret some message become active whenever similar messages are available. It is then the process of going back to the previous personal experience and using it to interpret the present information (Craig Muller 2007). The Classical Phenomenology expresses truth through direct experience. For some information or something to be entirely true, then one has to put away any biases (Craig Muller 2007). The phenomenology of perception clarifies that people know things only because of their personal relationships to those things. In as much as the world affects people, so do people affect the world through their personal knowledge (Macnamara 2013). Hermeneutic phenomenology adds communication to this definition. It is the words and languages that cause things to have a different meaning in life (Griffin 2009). The Quitline Services Campaign is a progressive way that the government is using to reduce and or stop people from smoking (Miller 2005). The smokers can have time to talk to the campaign officials about their feelings. They can also have time to listen to what others have gone through and decide if they want to remain the same or change their behaviors.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The campaign can establish a means through which the people can assist each other through dialogue and personal as sistance to colleagues to encourage quitting (Craig Muller 2007). They can also have a forum through which the people can be writing their personal experience through social networks and the website. The Cybernetic tradition A family is not just a collection of individuals related by blood (Macnamara 2013). A family has an organized system of relating with each other. There are ways in which they interact with one another and influence each other towards making certain decisions (Craig Muller 2007). They have a way in which they communicate with family members to pass a specific message in a specific way. There are also changes that happen within and to the family after some time. They make things to change and people to behave in a certain way. Cybernetics is, therefore, the tradition of complex systems whereby the complex elements influence one another (Griffin 2009). There is the involvement of physical and biological processes. Some behavioral and social attributes also contri bute to cybernetics (Struever 2009). A system results from the contribution of very many others parts that form together something that is more than the collection of the initial parts. In a system, there is the aspect of interdependence that binds the parts together (Craig Muller 2007). One part must rely on the service of the other to make a reasonable impact. Systems also have the attribute of self-regulation and control. The reason for doing so is to maintain stability and to succeed in attains the desired goals. ‘The system can be complex and highly adaptable’ (Craig Muller 2007, p.280). When passing information, the government needs to ensure that the piece of information is highly influential so that it can erode the previous perspective no matter how strong it is (Griffin 2009). The government must not ignore the social and culture factors because they form a system that needs direct attention (Adler Rodman 2003). It may not be the best method to address indi vidual smokers, but it can be a way to form new habits in the smokers. The government can develop a new culture in the reforming and reformed smokers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Application of Seven Communication Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Sociopsychological Tradition Every individual has different parts of the body that come together to make whole human beings. The interactions between these individual parts are what makes one a whole person. The same applies to the human being (Craig Muller 2007). One cannot become a solitary being without being part of a certain family, community, and or a country. The social interaction between these people is what binds them together. Persons are entities with characteristics that lead them to behave in independent ways. Most of the sociopsychological theories are cognitive. They offer guidance on how people process information (Adler Rodman 2003 ). The human mind is so powerful that it has the capability of grasping, accommodating, and changing information to make the individual to adapt to certain kind of behavior (Struever 2009). Communication scientists are still in a dilemma as to how the human mind functions. They are still doing research to come up with clear explanation. The tradition has three branches that include the behavioral, the cognitive, and the biological (Craig Muller 2007). The behavioral theories concentrate on how people behave in communication situations. There is a relationship between what one says and what one does. It guarantees repetition of behavior if there is a reward that motivates them and helps the to continue the way one behaves. The cognitive theory focuses on the patterns of thought. It is how people, acquire, store, and process information that leads to a certain behavior. The mental operations also control what one does (Griffin 2009). The biological scientists have come to believe tha t most of what people do result from the biological traits. They may not come from learning or any situational factors (Adler Rodman 2003). Dissonance can help the smoker to stop smoking. The government can find some explanations on how to make these people remodel their thoughts towards smoking (Littlejohn Foss 2011). The government can find some psychologists to work with the team so that they can understand the individual smokers before engaging them in the desired change (Adler Rodman 2003). The Sociocultural Tradition It is a tradition that puts more emphasize on the identity of a person (Adler Rodman 2003). Every individual belongs to a certain group of people.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One may be a student, a Christian, a Muslim, and a Hispanic (Craig Muller 2007). The sociocultural approaches theory appeal to the understanding of the people, their norms, and rules. They engage the people as belonging to a given culture. Community or Society comes from some connections that include communication. It is the social interactions that enable people to make meanings of things (Miller 2005). Smokers would always find a way to communicate. When they share cigarettes, they begin relationships that go a long way. Sometimes when they meet they start discussing events and matters that concern their colleagues (Carey 2009). The government can use such interactions to build new relationships and pass a strong message. Because they keep meeting other smokers during their daily routines, the message can spread far and wide (Pernot 2009). Another way is to put them into groups (Carey 2009). One group can comprise of the smokers who are unable to stop smoking because of their per sonal choice. The second one can include those who volunteer to quit smoking (Griffin 2009). Another group can be for those who have quitted and many more (Struever 2009). It would depend on how they categorize them. Those who have quit can be useful in government adverts giving others ideas on how to quit and live a healthy life (Craig Muller 2007). The Critical Tradition Critical communication theory supports the tradition by coming up with the message that gives direction on how to control tobacco (Carey 2009). It also provides messages that would reach out to the smokers to make them stop doing so. The Critical political economy theory gives the governing bodies like the governments the upper hand in stopping the habit (Littlejohn Foss 2011). In short, the government is the one with all the power and, therefore, it can control it the way it seems well. However, it must use its moral obligation in a way that it promotes good health and peace (Adler Rodman 2003). The government can use its power in a positive way to help, support, and manage the menace. It has the available media channel to do its work (Pernot 2009). Through the media, they can construct and spread new and important ideas to the people (Carey 2009). They can use symbols and pictures to force the smokers to let go of their habit. The smokers may think that they are making their personal choice (Griffin 2009). However, most of the tobacco companies have resources to counter what the government does so that they can stay relevant (Craig Muller 2007). They may challenge the government’s decision through their messages and advertisements through the same media. It is upon the government and its agencies to put forward a forceful message (Carey 2009). The Rhetorical Tradition The theory dates back to very many years I the Greek history. It has to do with using words without putting emphasize on the action that somebody should take (Littlejohn Foss 2011). Sometimes it can relate to what politicians do when they are looking for votes. It can relate to public speaking, teaching, and even preaching (Littlejohn Foss 2011). It originally was important for persuasion (Craig Muller 2007). It was an art that involved putting arguments into constructive sense and making the speech. Later it became the process of adjusting ideas to people and people to ideas. It is the human symbol. Due to adjustments, it has now evolved to include the use of symbols to affect others (Carey 2009). It focuses more on the speaker and the way the speaker says things rather what they say (Pernot 2009). The health sector may use benevolent rhetoric to help people improve their health. People, therefore, believe that the intention of the user is good (Adler Rodman 2003). There is also conversion rhetoric that can become useful to change the attitude of the people towards something (Adler Rodman 2003). It is the way the preacher or the motivational speaker can engage people to help them choose a superior position over what they have been doing (Craig Muller 2007). It could be the best method that the government can use (Struever 2009). But faced with the anticipated reaction from the smokers, it could only make matters worse (Carey 2009). There are people who would still listen and think that the information is helpful to them. Sometimes a good speech by an influential person like an opinion leader can make a difference. It is upon the government and the government agencies to formulate the policies that would guide the way forward. Some family members can be very helpful. References Adler, R Rodman, G 2003, Understanding human communication, Oxford University Press, New York. Carey, J 2009, Communication as culture, Routledge, New York. Craig, R Muller, H 2007, Theorising communication: readings across traditions, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California. Griffin, E 2009, A first look at communication theory. 7th ed. McGraw Hill, New York. Littlejohn, S Foss, K 2011, Theories of human communication. 10th ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California. Macnamara, J 2013, The 21st century media revolution: emergent communication practices. 2nd ed. Peter Lang, New York. Miller, K 2005, Communication theories: perspectives, processes and contexts. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill, Boston. Pernot, L 2009, New chapters in the history of rhetoric, Brill, Leiden. Struever, N 2009, The history of rhetoric and the rhetoric of history, Ashgate, Farnham.

Civil Rights Definition

Civil Rights Definition Civil rights are the rights of individuals to be protected against unfair treatment based on certain personal characteristics like race, gender, age, or disability. Governments enact civil rights laws to protect people from discrimination in social functions such as education, employment, housing, and access to public accommodations. Civil Rights Key Takeaways Civil rights protect people from unequal treatment based on their individual characteristics like race and gender.Governments create civil rights laws to ensure fair treatment of groups that have traditionally been the target of discrimination.Civil rights differ from civil liberties, which are specific freedoms of all citizens as listed and ensured in a binding document, such as the U.S. Bill of Rights, and interpreted by the courts. Civil Rights Definition Civil rights are a set of rightss of civil rights include the rights of people to work, study, eat, and live where they choose. To turn a customer away from a restaurant solely because of his or her race, for example, is a civil rights violation under United States laws.  Ã‚   Civil rights laws are often enacted in order to guarantee fair and equal treatment for groups of people who have historically faced discrimination. In the United States, for example, several civil rights laws focus on â€Å"protected classes† of people who share characteristics such as race, gender, age, disability, or sexual orientation. While now taken for granted in most other western democracies, consideration for civil rights has been deteriorating, according to international monitoring agencies. Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the global war on terror has driven many governments to sacrifice civil rights in the name of security. Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties Civil rights are often confused with civil liberties, which are the freedoms guaranteed to the citizens or residents of a country by an overriding legal covenant, like the U.S. Bill of Rights, and interpreted by the courts and lawmakers. The First Amendment’s right to free speech is an example of a civil liberty. Both civil rights and civil liberties differ subtly from human rights, those freedoms belonging to all people regardless of where they live, such as freedom from slavery, torture, and religious persecution. International Perspective and Civil Rights Movements Virtually all nations deny some civil rights to some minority groups either by law or by custom. In the United States, for example, women continue to face discrimination in jobs traditionally held exclusively by men. While the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, embodies civil rights, the provisions are not legally binding. Thus, there is no worldwide standard. Instead, individual nations tend to respond differently to pressure for enacting civil rights laws. Historically, when a significant portion of a nation’s people feel they are treated unfairly, civil rights movements emerge. While most often associated with the American Civil Rights Movement, similar notable efforts have occurred elsewhere. South Africa The South African system of government-sanctioned racial segregation known as apartheid came to an end after a high-profile civil rights movement that began in the 1940s. When the white South African government responded by jailing Nelson Mandela and most of its other leaders, the anti-apartheid movement lost strength until the 1980s. Under pressure from the United States and other Western nations, the South African government released Nelson Mandela from prison and lifted its ban on the African National Congress, the major black political party, in 1990. In 1994, Mandela was elected the first black president of South Africa. India The struggle of the Dalits in India has similarities to both the American Civil Rights Movement and the South African anti-apartheid movement. Formerly known as the â€Å"Untouchables,† the Dalits belong to the lowest social group in India’s Hindu caste system. Though they make up one-sixth of India’s population, the Dalits were forced to live as second-class citizens for centuries, facing discrimination in access to jobs, education, and allowed marriage partners. After years of civil disobedience and political activism, the Dalits won victories, highlighted by the election of K. R. Narayanan to the presidency in 1997. Serving as president until 2002, Narayanan stressed the nation’s obligations towards the Dalits and other minorities and called attention to the other many social ills of caste discrimination. Northern Ireland After the division of Ireland in 1920, Northern Ireland witnessed violence between the ruling British Protestant majority and members of the native Irish Catholic minority. Demanding an end to discrimination in housing and employment opportunities, Catholic activists launched marches and protests modeled after the American Civil Rights Movement. In 1971, the internment without trial of over 300 Catholic activists by the British government sparked an escalated, often-violent civil disobedience campaign headed by the Irish Republican Army (IRA). The turning point in the struggle came on Bloody Sunday, January 30, 1972, when 14 unarmed Catholic civil rights marchers were shot dead by the British army. The massacre galvanized the British people. Since Bloody Sunday, the British Parliament has instituted reforms protecting the civil rights of Northern Irish Catholics. Sources and Further Reference Hamlin, Rebecca. Civil Rights. Encyclopedia Britannica.. U.Civil Rights Act of 1964S. EEOC.Shah, Anup. Human Rights in Various Regions. Global Issues (October 1, 2010).Dooley, Brian. Black and Green: The Fight for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland and Black America. (Excerpts) Yale University.Bloody Sunday: What happened on Sunday 30 January 1972? BBC News (March 14, 2019).

Cb2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cb2 - Assignment Example This, therefore, means that the social class can be based the objective of classification, how people think of others and the reputation that an individual claims or deserves. This is different from income in that a person may have high-income levels and yet his or her reputation is low within the society. Therefore, a person’s income is just one of the factors that can determine the social class but it is not the social class itself. An achieved status refers to the status that is acquired through struggle and merit. This could be the status related to educational status or research achievements. It is therefore related to skills, abilities and efforts. On the other hand, an ascribed status is considered to be beyond the person’s control. This is based, therefore on attributes of a person that are fixed and natural. The classes related to sex, race and deformity are ascribed rather than acquired. Income is just one of the factors likely to be considered in describing the social class. However earning more money does not always lead to a change in social class (Wood, 2012). This is because influence, success and the impact that a person has in the society are always stronger indicators of social class than income. Therefore, a person may be earning a lot of money but his or her reputation and influence remain the same. Rich consumers can be grouped as old money or nouveau depending on how they display their wealth. For old money rich consumers, their wealth remains unseen. They are rich but do not care to display conspicuous consumption in any way. The Nouveau, on the other hand, are those rich consumers who display their spending and consumption with the motive of getting a reputation and a social class upgrade (Wood, 2012). They have symbolic self-completion such as flashy cars to display their wealth. In most contexts, the term social class is controversial. This means that different

The cultural ideology of Victorian America Essay

The cultural ideology of Victorian America - Essay Example Some of these beliefs that placed a woman in a certain sphere that was oppressive to the working class women included purity, submissiveness, domesticity, and religiousness. Purity required that a woman was to preserve her virginity until she got married. Any woman that could not do so was seen as valueless and dirty. Submissiveness based on the fact that God made men superior to women, therefore, an ideal woman was to be submissive to her husband as a small child would be for a grown up and obey all the commands that she got from her husband. As for domesticity, a woman was considered the most important one at home as long as domestic work was concerned. She was to cook, feed, do the laundry and clean the house for her husband and children. When it came to religiousness, a religious woman was more ideal for a man compared to a smart woman. This is because they believed religion did not make a woman change and make her leave her sphere like an intelligent woman who would change and q uestion the authority of men and authority in the society (Peiss 78). There are some factors that led to the sphere separation. First, there was industrialization fwhich brought many changes to society. The beginning of industrialization saw a shift in energy use. Men were required to leave their homes and go work in the factories. This meant that the women were left behind in their homes to attend to domestic works and take care of the families. The second contribution to the separate sphere was , biological capabilities. There was a permanent belief that there is some type of jobs that were suited for men and some for women. Women were seen as helpers to men and their duty was to serve men and please them. They were seen with a major task of reproduction and taking care of the children. Other factors that led to separate sphere where, confining of women in their own sphere by legal prohibition that were against women taking professions such as law and medicine and further forbiddi ng women from taking higher education. Despite all these hindering factors, women found strength amongst them through the separate sphere, by reaching out to other women in solidarity, sisterhood in the same ground. The cult of domesticity was a value system that got popularity amongst the middle class and the upper class in the 19th century in the U.S and Britain. Since there was separation of public and private spheres, women’s power and status in public declined but they gained power in the private atmosphere and homes. This system had many negative effects, since women were kept from participating in market labor and their services were to be voluntary and free. It made it as a burden for the woman in case she lost her husband through death. This meant she had to start from the bottom to search for food for her and her children. It is through this value system that women were seen as better in parenting. Some of the two notable ballroom dances are Waltz dance and Polka da nce. The waltz dance originated in Germany, moved to France, England then United States. In the 19th century, it was the most common couple dancing style. Waltz dance was related to the romantic nature of the 19th century. Another notable dancing was the polka dancing style, a folk dance which originated from Bohemia, passed in France, England t

Georges Braque And Pablo Picasso Essay Example for Free

Georges Braque And Pablo Picasso Essay The Frenchman Georges Braque (1882-1963) and the Spaniard Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) are considered the most influential artists of the twentieth century and the artistic geniuses who created and developed the cubist movement, undoubtedly the most revolutionary one in Western art. During a certain period of time, both artists worked together in the same studio breaking down subjects they painted into several facets and presenting their different aspects at the same time, experimenting with geometrical forms, and exploring unconventional techniques in painting all of which either shocked or impressed and interested the audience. Although Braque and Picasso’s partnership did not last for long and their artistic careers later went their own ways, the cubist movement they created and developed while working side by side in their Paris studio has influenced the whole generations of artists around the world (Mataev). Georges Braque Born in 1882 in Argenteuil-sur-Seine, France, Georges Braque attended the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Le Havre during 1897-1899 and then moved to Paris where he received his craftsman certificate. During 1902-1904, the young artist studied painting and worked at the Academie Humbert. Impressed by Matisse and Derain’s fauvist ideas, he produced and then presented his first fauve paintings in Paris’ Salon des Independants in 1907. By 1908, however, Braque lost interest in fauvism and adopted the artistic style that would be later called cubism (Georges Braque). In 1909, Braque started to work with Pablo Picasso and their fruitful partnership resulted in the development of the revolutionary cubist movement in painting. The styles that both of them adopted were quite similar for about two years during which they introduced collage elements into their works and experimented a lot with the pasted paper technique. In â€Å"Page # 2† his paintings, Braque explored the effects of light and perspective and challenged traditional artistic conventions of that time. His works of this period were characterized by neutral color and sophisticated patterns of form as it can be seen, for example, in his â€Å"Violin and Pitcher† (Georges Braque). The fertile partnership with Picasso ended in 1914 when Braque enrolled in the French army and went off to war. In 1915, he got severely wounded in one of the battles and after recovering in 1917 Braque resumed painting and began an artistic collaboration with Juan Gris (Georges Braque). After World War I, Braque’s style was characterized by more freedom, a richer color range, and the presence of human figures. He produced a considerable number of still lifes and rose to prominence particularly in 1922 after showing his paintings in the Salon d’Automne in Paris. By 1930, Braque interpreted nature more realistically although some aspects of the cubist style were still present in his paintings. After that, the artist produced many works including sculptures and graphics that became particularly somber during World War II (Georges Braque). During the 1950s, Braque depicted various themes including seascapes, landscapes, birds, and also made lithographs and designed jewelry. The great French artist died in August, 1963, in Paris after several years of suffering from health deterioration. Braque’s most known paintings include â€Å"Violin and Palette†, â€Å"Piano and Guitar†, â€Å"Guitar and Clarinet†, â€Å"The Table†, â€Å"The Round Table†, â€Å"The Day†, the â€Å"Studio† series, and many other works (Russell, 1982). Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 in Malaga, Spain, where he lived until the age of ten. In 1892, Picasso began to attend the School of Fine Arts in La Coruna and then in 1895 he â€Å"Page # 3† entered the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona where he showed his first academic work â€Å"The First Communion† at a local exhibition. Picasso pursued his studies at the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid, dropped out after only a couple of months, and began to visit the Prado where he copied the works of the old artists trying to imitate their styles. In 1900, Picasso opened a studio in Paris and the first painting he produced there was â€Å"Le Moulin de la Galette† (Mataev). Suicide committed by his friend and poet Casagemas in 1901 came as a great shock to Picasso influencing him to paint first the â€Å"Death of Casagemas† in color and then the â€Å"Death of Casagemas† in blue, and also â€Å"Evocation – the Burial of Casagemas†. At that period, the artist used predominantly green and blue and depicted despair, poverty, and unhappiness showing his restlessness and loneliness. The paintings that Picasso produced during 1901-1904 are known as the Blue Period works. The Rose Period, which was the next stage in his artistic career, started around 1905 when Picasso’s palette became lighter, and pink, rose, yellow, and beige were pervasive in his paintings in which he mostly portrayed graceful acrobats, circus performers, and harlequins. (Mataev; Pablo Picasso) Impressed with African ethnic art, Picasso began to combine its angular structures and his modern ideas about geometrical forms which, in 1907, resulted in the creation of â€Å"Les demoiselles d’Avignon†, his first cubist painting. Picasso and his new friend Braque explored the possibilities of the new artistic style and in the beginning their paintings could not be easily distinguished. 1909 saw the beginning of the painter’s analytical cubism whose main characteristics, faceted stereo-metric shapes, can be seen in his â€Å"Bread and Fruit Dish on a Table† or â€Å"Woman with Pears†. After the exhaustion of analytical cubism, Picasso experimented with collages which lead to the arrival of synthetic cubism: works with large, schematic patterns as it can be seen in â€Å"The Guitar† (Mataev; Hughes, 1998). â€Å"Page # 4† After the cubist period in Picasso’ artistic career came the Classicist period with rather traditional patterns such as in â€Å"The Lovers†. But during this period he occasionally returned to cubism and in 1921 produced â€Å"Three Musicians†, one of his most important masterpieces. Picasso’s classicist paintings also include â€Å"The Pipes of Pan†, â€Å"Women Running on the Beach†, and â€Å"The Seated Harlequin†. After that, Picasso was greatly influenced by the surrealist movement and produced â€Å"His Woman with Flower† and several other interesting paintings. In 1937, he expressed his personal view of the tragic events in the Basque province that was bombed by Germans in his huge mural work â€Å"Guernica† and in â€Å"Weeping Woman†. While living in his villa near Cannes, in 1956 Picasso painted his â€Å"Studio â€Å"La Californie† at Cannes† and â€Å"Jackeline in the Studio†. Then he moved to the Chateau Vauvenargues where he lived and painted until his death in 1973 (Mataev). â€Å"Still Life with a Guitar† and â€Å"Mandolin, Fruit Bowl, Bottle, and Cake† Both Pablo Picasso’s painting â€Å"Mandolin, Fruit Bowl, Bottle, and Cake† and Georges Braque’s painting â€Å"Still Life with a Guitar† were produced in 1924 in France and are now located in the European Modern Paintings section of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Both works are still lifes with the presence of cubist elements, are painted in oils on canvas, and each of them represents a certain stage in Picasso and Braque’s artistic careers. If during 1909-1914 both artists worked side by side to create cubism and their styles and paintings were mostly indistinguishable, in 1924, however, when the above mentioned works were produced, the divergence in Picasso and Braque’s cubist ideas could be easily seen in their paintings (Mataev). While Picasso’s still life â€Å"Mandolin, Fruit Bowl, Bottle, and Cake† is composed of only man-made objects (a cake, a fruit bowl, a bottle, and a mandolin), Braque’s painting â€Å"Still Life with a Guitar† depicts both man-made (a pipe, a jug, sheet music, a cup, a fruit bowl, and a guitar) and natural (pears placed next to sheet music and in the fruit bowl) â€Å"Page # 5† objects. The presence of musical instruments and fruit bowls in both paintings invokes some common themes or at least it makes the viewers think of them when they look at them for the first time. The main objects in both paintings are placed on tablecloths spread in a different manner on what appears to be tables. The objects in Braque’s picture are much smaller than those in Picasso’s work in which the size of some of them is somewhat disproportionate when compared to other objects. Braque and Picasso use space in their paintings in an entirely different way. There is quite a bit of space between the objects located in the foreground of Picasso’s still life and the viewer can easily see their whole forms. By contrast, in Braque’s paintings the objects in the foreground seem to be concentrated closely to each other in one place and parts of some of them are hidden by other objects. The use of space by Picasso gives the audience the impression of more freedom and ease while Braque seems to impose certain limits in movement and space. In Picasso’s painting, the viewer’s attention is first attracted by the main four objects in the foreground, and then by the objects and forms located in the background, particularly by what appears to be a wall and part of a window. By contrast, it seems that Braque’s intention is to concentrate the viewer’s attention only on the objects that can be seen in the foreground. He does not provide any detail as to what is in the background as though he does not want to divert the audience’s attention from the center of interest of the painting. Another important difference between the paintings as far as the objects and their forms are concerned is that Braque’s work is much more realistic than Picasso’s. Except for the window in the background, Picasso seems to depict in his picture not the objects such as the cake or fruit bowl but rather the shapes that invoke those objects. What attracts the â€Å"Page # 6† viewer’s attention in particular is the flatness of the forms of Picasso’s objects that are defined by lines. Although some parts and forms of his objects are disproportionate, Braque’s objects, however, are unambiguous and closer to reality. The use of color is another important characteristic that distinguishes Picasso’s painting from Braque’s work. In Picasso’s â€Å"Mandolin, Fruit Bowl, Bottle, and Cake† bright and vivid colors are predominant and much brighter and richer than those in Braque’s â€Å"Still Life with a Guitar† conveying to the viewer a light and pleasant mood. By contrast, the somber aspect of Braque’s painting whose color range varies from dark brown to dark beige makes the viewer impressed with its gloom and sadness. In Picasso’s picture, the general color range of objects in the foreground is slightly more somber compared to the color range in the background. By contrast, in Braque’s work, the relatively somber objects in the foreground are placed against an even darker background. The only bright-colored objects in this picture seem to be sheet music and a pipe appearing incongruous to a certain extent against the backdrop of its general color range. Another distinctive characteristic is the color of the objects themselves. Except for the window in the background, the color of most objects in Picasso’s painting is plain, for example, a plain dark red bottle, a plain bright yellow fruit bowl, and so on. Braque, by contrast, adds to the color of every object thick brush-strokes of black as if to emphasize the somber mood of the painting. There is also some difference in how the artists paint the objects in the pictures with their brushes. In Picasso’s â€Å"Mandolin, Fruit Bowl, Bottle, and Cake† the paint is applied thinly in most areas, although in some places it is quite thick. In â€Å"Still Life with a Guitar† Braque’s bold brushwork is pervasive. REFERENCES: 1. Georges Braque. Retrieved May 10, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. mcs. csuhayward. edu/~malek/Braque. html 2. Hughes, R. (1998, June 8). Pablo Picasso. Time magazine. Retrieved May 10, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. time. com/time/time100/artists/profile/picasso. html 3. Mataev, Y. Pablo Picasso. Retrieved May 10, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. abcgallery. com/P/picasso/picassobio. html#Between 4. Pablo Picasso. Retrieved May 10, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. artchive. com/artchive/P/picasso. html 5. Russell, J. (1982, January 17). Rediscovering Georges Braque in his Centenary Year. New York Times on the Web. Retrieved May 10, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=990DE5DB1138F934A25752C0A964948260sec=spon=pagewanted=all

Julia Child: Master Chef and TV Star Essay -- Biographies Cooking Pape

Julia Child: Master Chef and TV Star O Julia, Julia, Cook and nifty wench, Whose unsurpassed quenelles and hot soufflà ©s, Whose English, Norse and German, and whose French, Are all beyond my piteous powers to praise- Whose sweetly-rounded bottom and whose legs, Whose gracious face, whose nature temperate, Are only equaled by her scrambled eggs: Accept from me, your ever-loving mate, This acclamation shaped in fourteen lines Whose inner truth belies its outer sight; For never were there foods, nor were there wines, Whose flavor equals yours for sheer delight. O luscious dish! O gustatory pleasure! You satisfy my taste-buds beyond measure. - Paul Child Julia Child is a creative genius who changed the culinary world with her energetic personality and fine cooking skills. She is a fine example of the gusto-olfactory intelligence with special accents of visual spatial and interpersonal intelligence’s. There were many chefs that could fall in this intelligence category, including Escoffier, Beard, and Farmer . I chose Julia because she is a woman who broke new ground in the world of cooking. She empowered America by encouraging them to cook and enjoy food. The gusto olfactory intelligence is really a matter of taste and smell. A gusto olfactory intelligent person is able to create a specific taste, to create their own additions to recipes, and to bring something new to the sense called taste. Childhood and Heritage Julia Carolyn McWilliams was born in Pasadena, California, on August 15, 1921 to her proud parents John and Caro McWilliams. Caro, as she was called, was an energetic woman who wanted to see the world before settling down. When she finally married John McWilliams she maintained her independent free s... ...and mind. As Gardner expected it took a great deal of time and steady work at her discipline to master it. Julia Child cast off in new directions never explored before. She fought the battle of being a woman in a male dominated field and world, along her way. She found the tools and status quo of her field unsatisfactory and began work on a new way of thinking about food. Julia, however, did not follow Gardner’s concept of Faustian bargain, but rather had good interpersonal relationships. Julia’s creative genius allowed her to succeed in a critical world. Bibliography Child, Julia. The Way To Cook. Knopf Inc. Canada, 1989. Cooper, Ann. A woman’s Place is in the Kitchen. Reinhold, 1998. Fitch, Noel Riley. Appetite For Life. Doubleday, NY. 1997. Internet sources: www.sallys-place.com www.foodwine.com www.iacp-online.org www.unknown.nu/Julia/

Misunderstandings Communication Essay

Who was the sender?Both Co-Owners Who was the receiver?Employees What was the message?No bonuses for the upcoming year What channel was used to send the message?A memo What was the misunderstanding that occurred?The memo discussed the profit sales from memo ~ â€Å"What we think and what the company can do, based on generated profit, are two different things. In fiscal year 2010, we experienced bad debt of $2,681.39 on sales of $1,900,030.89. At this point, we have bad debt of $9,050.45 on projected sales of $2,200,000.00.† The misunderstanding is because there are only eight employees and the company did not suffer a great loss that would hinder bonuses. Considering that the projected sales ($2.2 million) at the point of the memo was through 10/15/2011. How could the misunderstanding have been avoided?By not sharing with ALL eight (8) employees the cost of sales and not think there were no finance minded people in the group. 1. What did you learn about the communication process from this activity? That communication must be clear and it should always have a argument and a conclusion. 2. What seemed to be the main causes of the misunderstandings? The struggle to cover up the real reason for not granting the bonus to the employees. And, the argument in which the owner stated was not a truthful conclusion. 3. What tips can you suggest for preventing misunderstandings in communication? To always make sure that the claim is something that the truth can be found. Who was the sender?CFO/Male co-owner Who was the receiver?Employees/Female Co-owner What was the message?No CODs to be delivered without payment unless approved by CFO What channel was used to send the message?A memo What was the misunderstanding that occurred?That everyone, front office and delivery driver, understood the rule but the female co-owner would go behind everyone and deliver product anyway not getting the payment; leaving the employees to suffer the wrath of the CFO regarding the unpaid delivery. How could the misunderstanding have been avoided?If the female co-owner would have paid upfront the delivery that she was making for the customer or just abides by the same rules as everyone else for the benefit of the company. 1. What did you learn about the communication process from this activity? That communication must be clear and it should always have a argument and a conclusion. 2. What seemed to be the main causes of the misunderstandings? The struggle of power between the co-owners that caused employees the inability to do a job. 3. What tips can you suggest for preventing misunderstandings in communication? To always make sure that the claim is something that the truth can be found.

B&D Hbr Case

Black & Decker Case Memo From my point of view, Joe Galli should pursue a â€Å"build share† strategy by dropping Black & Decker name from Proffesional Tradesmen segment but promote DeWalt brand with serviced and distributed by B&D with an â€Å"Industrial Yellow† color. Underlying cause of B&D low market share on power tools is the consumer perception that: â€Å"tradesmen doesn't want a tool that has the same name as his wife's toaster. Trademan basically viewed B&D as for use at home rather than on the job. Product research, both lab tests and â€Å"blind† field testing conducted that B&D has a highly competitive product quality on majority of the categories. So the issue is all about the branding. On the other hand B&D has a higher score for customer services as opposed to market leader Makita as highlighted on the table below, that B&D should exploit those weakness of Makita.Neither buyers nor distribution channels of Consumer and Professional-Industrial Se gments has any intersection with the Professional-Tradesmen Segment thus dropping B&D name from tradesmen segment will not have negative effect on other segments buying behaviour. On the contrary, tradesmen will be pleased to hold a poer tool differentiated with brand name and color from the home applicances that the wife uses.Also note that DeWalt has a higher awar eness rating than B&D and it has achieved scoring better than B&D on â€Å"one of the best† agreement for tradesmen segment. Since using the current B&D name with a copycat strategy will not get internal support from Nolan Archibald and GaryDiCamillo, going with DeWalt alternative most likely to please upper managent. From the retailer perspective, current situation is unsatisfactory in terms of sales therefore such an alternative to build share will also please retailer.

Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries

Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries Brodzinsky, D.M., Schechter, M.D., Henig, R.M.   (1992). Being adopted: The lifelong search for self. New York, NY: Doubleday. The authors of this book managed to outline developmental tasks at each of seven stages throughout the life of an adopted person.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brodzinsky, D.M., Schechter, M.D. (Eds.) (1990). The psychology of adoption. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. The chapters of this book are written by leading researchers in the field of adoption, and they cover such topics as theoretical perspectives on adoption adjustment, outcomes of adoption, identity formation, interracial adoption, family therapy, social policy, and open adoption. Glennen, S. (2002). Language development and delay in internationally adopted infants and toddlers: A review. American Jo urnal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(2), 333-339. Glennen succinctly covers the concept of delayed speech and language development in internationally adopted children. He states that the major problem is not the transition from one culture to another but change of language and sound issues. Grotevant, H., Dunbar, N., Kohler, J.K., Lash Esau, E.M. (2000). Adoptive identity: How contexts within and beyond the family shape developmental pathways. Family Relations, 49(4), 379-387. This article discusses the development of the adoptive identity in terms of the intrapsychic component, family environment, and contexts beyond the family; implications for practitioners are included. Hollingsworth, L. (2002). Why are so many U. S. families adopting internationally? A social exchange perspective. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 6(2), 81-97. The author gives several reasons why the American citizens are adopting children from other countries. Additionally, readers are p rovided with clear statistics about international adoption in the U.S. Johnson, D. (2002). Adoption and the effect on childrens development. Early Human Development, 68(2), 39-54. The paper brings forth the various issues relating to the concept of adoption. Similarly, there is a section devoted by the writer which talks about the problems faced by individuals who are adopted and the best way to overcome them. Kelly, M.,  Towner†Thyrum, E., Rigby, A., Martin, B. (1998). Adjustment and identity formation in adopted and non-adopted young adults: Contributions of family environment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 497-500. Adopted college students were compared with non-adopted college students on measures of adjustment and identity formation, and the two groups were found to be largely similar.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lifton, B. (2001). Shared identity issues for adopted people. In V. Groza K. F. Rosenberg (Eds.), Clinical and practice issues in adoption: Bridging the gap between adopted people placed as infants and as older children, (pp. 37-48). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey. The author draws upon her experience as an adopted person and upon her work with all members of the adoption triad to explore the psychological issues faced by adopted people before, during, and after their search for their birth family. Rosenberg, E. (1992). The adoption life cycle: The children and their families through the years. New York, NY: Free Press. The book is written by a clinical professor in psychiatry, this book draws on case examples to show how the different members of the adoption triad influence each other and to describe developmental tasks for those in the adoption circle. Serbin, L. (1997). Research on international adoption: Implications for developmental theory and social policy. International Journal o f Behavioural Development, 20(2), 83-92. The author of this article did an excellent job by linking development theories of human beings from day one to when they grow to adulthood and the impacts associated by being adopted internationally. Sharma, A.,  McGue, M.K., Benson, P.L. (1996). The emotional and behavioural adjustment of United States adopted adolescents: Part I. An overview. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 83-100. In a comparison of adjustment and family functioning in over 4,000 adopted adolescents and over 4,000 non-adopted adolescents, small but significant differences were found between the groups, with one finding showing lower self-confidence and optimism in adopted persons. Smyer, M., Gatz, M., Simi, N.L., Pedersen, N.L. (1998). Childhood adoption: Long-term effects in adulthood. Psychiatry, 61(3), 191-205. Researchers studied adult outcome variables in 60 pairs of twins who had been separated as infants or children, so that one was raised in the b iological family and one was raised in an adoptive family; results emphasize the impact of socioeconomic status on adult outcomes, such that adopted adults were better educated but also showed greater psychological distress. Trolley, B. (1995). Grief issues and positive aspects associated with international adoption. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 30(1), 257-268. Trolley covered the issue of emotion, grief and perception of being devalued. On the same note, he ventured to the positive issues related to international adoption such as provision of basic needs, quality education among others. References Brodzinsky, D.M.,  Schecter, M.D., Henig, R.M.   (1992). Being adopted: The lifelong search for self. New York, NY: Doubleday.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brodzinsky, D.M., Schechter, M.D . (Eds.) (1990). The psychology of adoption. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Glennen, S. (2002). Language development and delay in internationally adopted infants and toddlers: A review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(2), 333-339. Grotevant, H., Dunbar, N., Kohler, J.K., Lash Esau, E.M. (2000). Adoptive identity: How contexts within and beyond the family shape developmental pathways. Family Relations, 49(4), 379-387. Hollingsworth, L. (2002). Why are so many U. S. families adopting internationally? A social exchange perspective. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 6(2), 81-97. Johnson, D. (2002). Adoption and the effect on childrens development. Early Human Development, 68(2), 39-54. Kelly, M.,  Towner†Thyrum, E., Rigby, A., Martin, B. (1998). Adjustment and identity formation in adopted and non-adopted young adults: Contributions of family environment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 497-500. Lifton, B. (2001). Share d identity issues for adopted people. In V. Groza K. F. Rosenberg (Eds.), Clinical and practice issues in adoption: Bridging the gap between adopted people placed as infants and as older children, (pp. 37-48). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rosenberg, E. (1992). The adoption life cycle: The children and their families through the years. New York, NY: Free Press. Serbin, L. (1997). Research on international adoption: Implications for developmental theory and social policy. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 20(2), 83-92. Sharma, A.,  McGue, M.K., Benson, P.L. (1996). The emotional and behavioural adjustment of United States adopted adolescents: Part I. An overview. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 83-100. Smyer, M., Gatz, M., Simi, N.L., Pedersen, N.L. (1998). Childhood adoption: Long-term effects in adulthood. Psychiatry, 61(3), 191-205. Trolley, B. (1995). Grief issues and positive aspects associated with international adoption. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 30(1), 257-268.

AntiWar Movement

The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the US from 1965-1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation’s history. After evaluating different social theories such as: Functionalism, Conflict and Interactionism, I have decided to classify the Anti-War movement during the Vietnam War as a Conflict Theory. I feel the Anti-War Movement’s has characteristics of Neo-Marxism. Though the first American protests against U. S. intervention in Vietnam took place in 1963, the antiwar movement did not begin in diligence until two years later, when President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered massive U. S. military intervention and the sustained bombing of North Vietnam. Chambers) 2000. In the spring of 1965, â€Å"teach? ins† against the war were held on many college campuses. The Anti-War Movement was centered on America’s higher-education system, the students, playing leading roles. Teach-ins were extreme, massive public protests. By 1968 Protesters numbered close to seven million and over half of them were Caucasian college students. The teach-ins were primarily peaceful, but effective. They were successful in capturing the attention of the public as well as those in government. The motivation behind teach-ins were just that, with the hopes of further escalation in Vietnam to slow down or come to a halt. In April 1965, President Johnson gave a major Vietnam address at John Hopkins University, in response to the growing campus protest activity. This speech marked the political impact of campus demonstrations. (Electric Library) This is an example of Neo-Marxism. The protestors were getting a partial system change. They had the attention of the public, and most importantly the government. However, by 1967 a lot of anti-war activists began to think peaceful protests were not going to be enough to influence war policy, so they began using civil disobediences, strikes, public disruption, shouting at government speakers and guerilla theatre to get their message heard loud and clear. In March 1967, a national organization of draft resisters was formed. In April 1967, more than 300,000 people demonstrated against the war in New York. Six months later, 50,000 surrounded the Pentagon, sparking nearly 700 arrests. By this time it became typical for, senior Johnson administration officials to encounter demonstrators when speaking in public, forcing them to restrict their outside appearances. Many also had sons, daughters, or wives who opposed the war, fueling the sense of attack. Prominent participants in the antiwar movement included Dr. Benjamin Spock, Robert Lowell, Harry Belafonte, and Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. With prominent leaders extending their support in the movement it gave the activist a great deal of motivation and validation. The social theory of Neo-Marxism was in full effect. By 1968, the Johnson administration realized the impact of widespread public opposition to the war and the troubling prospects in Vietnam, causing them to put a halt on the bombing of North Vietnam and to stabilize the ground war. This policy reversal was the major turning point. U. S. troop strength in Vietnam would climax at 543,000 (Chambers) 2000. The antiwar movement reached its peak under President Richard M. Nixon. In October 1969, more than 2 million people participated in Vietnam Moratorium protests across the country. The following month, over 500,000 demonstrated in Washington and 150,000 in San 4 Francisco. Militant protest, continued to spread, leading many Americans to wonder whether the war was worth a split society. And other forms of antiwar activity lingered on. The Nixon administration took a host of measures to dull the movement, mainly mobilizing supporters, smearing the movement, tracking it, withdrawing U. S. troops from Vietnam, instituting a draft lottery, and eventually ending draft calls. Once U. S. troops began coming home, the antiwar movement gradually declined between 1971 and 1975 (Chambers) 2000. The American movement against the Vietnam War was the most successful antiwar movement in U. S. history. The Neo-Marxism social theory is easily applied to the Anti-War Movement. The characteristics of the conflict were disorder, boycotts, intense conflict, commitment, and emotional involvement all of which resulted in system change. The activists involved in the Anti-War movement of this time were passionate and dedicated to seek change. They sought out peace and love for our Country and did not lose sight of their objective. They went to great lengths to achieve what seemed like the impossible. References http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O126-VietnamAntiwarMovement.html AntiWar Movement The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the US from 1965-1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation’s history. After evaluating different social theories such as: Functionalism, Conflict and Interactionism, I have decided to classify the Anti-War movement during the Vietnam War as a Conflict Theory. I feel the Anti-War Movement’s has characteristics of Neo-Marxism. Though the first American protests against U. S. intervention in Vietnam took place in 1963, the antiwar movement did not begin in diligence until two years later, when President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered massive U. S. military intervention and the sustained bombing of North Vietnam. Chambers) 2000. In the spring of 1965, â€Å"teach? ins† against the war were held on many college campuses. The Anti-War Movement was centered on America’s higher-education system, the students, playing leading roles. Teach-ins were extreme, massive public protests. By 1968 Protesters numbered close to seven million and over half of them were Caucasian college students. The teach-ins were primarily peaceful, but effective. They were successful in capturing the attention of the public as well as those in government. The motivation behind teach-ins were just that, with the hopes of further escalation in Vietnam to slow down or come to a halt. In April 1965, President Johnson gave a major Vietnam address at John Hopkins University, in response to the growing campus protest activity. This speech marked the political impact of campus demonstrations. (Electric Library) This is an example of Neo-Marxism. The protestors were getting a partial system change. They had the attention of the public, and most importantly the government. However, by 1967 a lot of anti-war activists began to think peaceful protests were not going to be enough to influence war policy, so they began using civil disobediences, strikes, public disruption, shouting at government speakers and guerilla theatre to get their message heard loud and clear. In March 1967, a national organization of draft resisters was formed. In April 1967, more than 300,000 people demonstrated against the war in New York. Six months later, 50,000 surrounded the Pentagon, sparking nearly 700 arrests. By this time it became typical for, senior Johnson administration officials to encounter demonstrators when speaking in public, forcing them to restrict their outside appearances. Many also had sons, daughters, or wives who opposed the war, fueling the sense of attack. Prominent participants in the antiwar movement included Dr. Benjamin Spock, Robert Lowell, Harry Belafonte, and Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. With prominent leaders extending their support in the movement it gave the activist a great deal of motivation and validation. The social theory of Neo-Marxism was in full effect. By 1968, the Johnson administration realized the impact of widespread public opposition to the war and the troubling prospects in Vietnam, causing them to put a halt on the bombing of North Vietnam and to stabilize the ground war. This policy reversal was the major turning point. U. S. troop strength in Vietnam would climax at 543,000 (Chambers) 2000. The antiwar movement reached its peak under President Richard M. Nixon. In October 1969, more than 2 million people participated in Vietnam Moratorium protests across the country. The following month, over 500,000 demonstrated in Washington and 150,000 in San 4 Francisco. Militant protest, continued to spread, leading many Americans to wonder whether the war was worth a split society. And other forms of antiwar activity lingered on. The Nixon administration took a host of measures to dull the movement, mainly mobilizing supporters, smearing the movement, tracking it, withdrawing U. S. troops from Vietnam, instituting a draft lottery, and eventually ending draft calls. Once U. S. troops began coming home, the antiwar movement gradually declined between 1971 and 1975 (Chambers) 2000. The American movement against the Vietnam War was the most successful antiwar movement in U. S. history. The Neo-Marxism social theory is easily applied to the Anti-War Movement. The characteristics of the conflict were disorder, boycotts, intense conflict, commitment, and emotional involvement all of which resulted in system change. The activists involved in the Anti-War movement of this time were passionate and dedicated to seek change. They sought out peace and love for our Country and did not lose sight of their objective. They went to great lengths to achieve what seemed like the impossible. References http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O126-VietnamAntiwarMovement.html

Family Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Heritage - Essay Example In Dalianliaoning, I was fortunate to attend Dalian elementary school before we relocated to Shanghai again. My father’s business was growing and a result we have been living in Shanghai since the year 2000.The aim of coming to the US was to pursue my education (Travel China guide, 2014). The Han group is believed to have settled in America with the aim of engaging in certain economic activities including building of railways and mining. They mainly settled in California and other places such as Rocky Mountains. They started participating in economic activities in order to meet their means because they were finding facing challenging of serving in the new land. The Chinese Americans experience discrimination despite heading lucrative jobs in the military and other science fields (Every Culture, 2014). The Putian County came into existence in the year 568.The borders the coastal town of Fujian. It has no plantations. It also enjoys a serene weather condition and experience sufficient rainfall, and enough sunshine thought the year. Putian is mainly visited during the winter season of the year. The main centers of attraction include the Meizhou Island and Guanghua temple. The Mazu goddess is believed to occupy the temple. Tourist from around the world troop the town every year because the town fascinates many people around the world. The Jiuli Lake is located some kilometers Xian you town. It has gorgeous scenery and has historical views that were designed by ancient architectures. The Jiuji waterfall is a renowned natural site in a place and interests many visitors. The main means of transport from a town called Fuzhou to Putian is with public transport. In Meizhou Island, the goddess is well respected, and the culture dictates events be held to be occasionally held to celebrate he r. Specific days have been set aside in order to mark her achievements